{"id":3771,"date":"2025-04-14T12:39:33","date_gmt":"2025-04-14T12:39:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nationalgunowner.org\/index.php\/2025\/04\/14\/unpacking-studio-ghiblis-style-that-became-chatgpts-viral-obsession\/"},"modified":"2025-04-14T12:39:44","modified_gmt":"2025-04-14T12:39:44","slug":"unpacking-studio-ghiblis-style-that-became-chatgpts-viral-obsession","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nationalgunowner.org\/index.php\/2025\/04\/14\/unpacking-studio-ghiblis-style-that-became-chatgpts-viral-obsession\/","title":{"rendered":"Unpacking Studio Ghibli\u2019s Style That Became ChatGPT\u2019s Viral Obsession"},"content":{"rendered":"<div itemprop=\"articleBody\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_1545653\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1545653\" style=\"width: 970px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1545653\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Studio Ghibli has experienced a wave of new attention thanks to last month\u2019s new ChatGPT feature. <span class=\"media-credit\">Thomas Fuller\/SOPA Images\/LightRocket via Getty Images<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On March 25, <a href=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/company\/openai\/\" title=\"OpenAI\" class=\"company-link\">OpenAI<\/a> announced a new ChatGPT feature that allows users to turn text prompts into images in a number of familiar cartoon styles. Options included <i>The Simpsons<\/i>, <i>Rick and Morty<\/i> and Pixar, among others. But as soon as OpenAI CEO <a href=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/person\/sam-altman\/\" title=\"Sam Altman\" class=\"company-link\">Sam Altman<\/a> changed his X profile picture to a Studio Ghibli-inspired image of himself, it was clear which style was the favorite, and ChatGPT users soon began to revel in making their own Ghiblified pictures, too.<\/p>\n<section class=\"wp-block-observer-newsletters observer-newsletters--in-content\">\n<\/section>\n<p>Of all the iconic aesthetics available, why was it the Ghibli style that exploded online? There are quite a few factors at play, from the internet generation\u2019s relationship with Ghibli to the studio\u2019s enduring signature style.<\/p>\n<h3>Ghibli films \u201cdon\u2019t talk down to children.\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>Millennials, born between 1981 and 1996, were the first generation to grow up with Studio Ghibli (and internet communities that fostered Ghibli\u2019s global significance). A pivotal moment was <a href=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/company\/the-walt-disney-company\/\" title=\"The Walt Disney Company\" class=\"company-link\">The Walt Disney Company (DIS)<\/a>\u2019s 1996 deal with Ghibli\u2019s then owner, Tokuma Shoten, to distribute its films globally. Disney dubbed Ghibli films for English-speaking audiences, releasing <i>Princess Mononoke <\/i>in theaters and <i>Kiki\u2019s Delivery Service <\/i>on VHS at a time when Disney animation was in its own renaissance period. With such reach, Disney brought Ghibli\u2019s work to an entire generation, \u201cand it was a touchstone to the larger globalization of anime as a whole,\u201d Toussaint Egan, an animation expert and editor for the entertainment news site Polygon, told Observer.<\/p>\n<p>The Disney boost wouldn\u2019t have counted for much, though, if Ghibli films didn\u2019t capture audience hearts and imaginations. Egan touts these movies\u2019 tone as a big reason as to why they have enjoyed such enduring adulation. He considers their subject matter as surprisingly mature and intelligent, given how much of the work operates on a level of childlike innocence. \u201cThese films do not talk down to children or their audiences. They treat children as just as intelligent as, if not more than, adult audiences, [like] they\u2019re more intuitive,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1545646\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1545646\" style=\"width: 970px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-1545646 size-full-width\" src=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?quality=80&amp;w=970\" alt=\"\" width=\"970\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg 2024w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=300,175 300w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=768,449 768w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=635,371 635w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=1536,897 1536w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=970,566 970w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=320,187 320w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=1920,1121 1920w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=50,29 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 300px, 620px\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-1545646 size-full-width\" src=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?quality=80&amp;w=970\" alt=\"\" width=\"970\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg 2024w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=300,175 300w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=768,449 768w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=635,371 635w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=1536,897 1536w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=970,566 970w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=320,187 320w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=1920,1121 1920w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GHI_Totoro_Select03.jpg?resize=50,29 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 300px, 620px\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1545646\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A still from <em>My Neighbor Totoro<\/em>. <span class=\"media-credit\">\u00a9 1988 Hayao Miyazaki\/Studio Ghibli<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Hand-drawn simplicity and nostalgia<\/h3>\n<p>But it\u2019s not the impressive and moving story arcs that people are seeking to replicate with A.I., it\u2019s the aesthetic that they\u2019ve come to associate those narratives with. Ghibli\u2019s hand-drawn, 2D animation has long distinguished itself from competitors, thanks to the studio\u2019s scrupulous attention to detail towards everything from fluffy clouds to flowing tears. But on a more fundamental level, it\u2019s the most basic things that stick for people, like a character\u2019s silhouette.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen you\u2019re able to strip away all of the surface details of a character\u2019s design and you\u2019re able to hone in on their silhouette, it\u2019s very distinctive,\u201d Egan said. \u201cYou can tell who Totoro is, you can tell who San from <i>Princess Mononoke<\/i> is, you can tell who the robot is from <i>Castle in the Sky<\/i>. It\u2019s so easy to identify, it\u2019s so immediately distinctive and so well done.\u201d Most significantly, he added, Studio Ghibli \u201cfound a way to create characters that are both simplistic and easily legible, and yet enduringly expressive.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That stylistic endurance has made Ghibli an outlier in contemporary animation. Disney ditched hand-drawn animation in favor of the more modern computer-generated style years ago; the studio has only produced two traditionally animated films in the past 20 years (2009\u2019s <i>The Princess and the Frog<\/i> and 2011\u2019s <i>Winnie the Pooh<\/i>), compared to 16 films with computer-generated animation in the same period.<\/p>\n<p>Studio Ghibli\u2019s stylistic consistency ironically makes its output unique, giving each movie a timeless quality. That aesthetic nostalgia has likely been a driving force behind the generative A.I. craze, with Ghibli\u2019s fondly remembered style allowing people to wear some rose-colored glasses in the face of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/variety.com\/vip\/ghibli-style-ai-wake-up-call-1236360210\/\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2734536\">ongoing arguments<\/a> about generative art, its validity and its legality.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1545650\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1545650\" style=\"width: 970px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-1545650 size-full-width\" src=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?quality=80&amp;w=970\" alt=\"\" width=\"970\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=635,357 635w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=970,546 970w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=320,180 320w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=50,28 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 300px, 620px\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-1545650 size-full-width\" src=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?quality=80&amp;w=970\" alt=\"\" width=\"970\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=635,357 635w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=970,546 970w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=320,180 320w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/Ponyo_EP1_Still004.jpg?resize=50,28 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 300px, 620px\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1545650\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Director Hayao Miyazaki seen working on the feature film <em>Ponyo<\/em> in the documentary <em>10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki.<\/em> <span class=\"media-credit\">\u00a9 NHK<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Hayao Miyazaki\u2019s unique aesthetic<\/h3>\n<p>Perhaps a part of the trend also has to do with ChatGPT allowing people to gain proximity to a major auteur with a unique aesthetic. Studio Ghibli is known for its \u201chouse style,\u201d and the director <a href=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/person\/hayao-miyazaki\/\" title=\"Hayao Miyazaki\" class=\"company-link\">Hayao Miyazaki<\/a> is inextricably linked to that look. Miyazaki has directed more films for the studio than anyone and was heavily involved in many Ghibli movies he didn\u2019t helm. His hand-drawn style \u201cis part of and distinct for Studio Ghibli,\u201d Egan said, and so Miyazaki is the person who ChatGPT takes its cues from here.<\/p>\n<p>In that sense, this social media storm exists on the same plane as the \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/accidentallywesanderson.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2734537\">Accidentally Wes Anderson\u201d<\/a> phenomenon, in which a travel Instagram page dedicated to places that look like they\u2019ve sprung from a scene in <em>The Grand Budapest Hotel\u00a0<\/em>or\u00a0<em>Moonrise Kingdom<\/em> became a massive internet brand touting numerous books and global exhibitions. With this online guide and similar <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/lynchiansimpsons?utm_source=ig_web_button_share_sheet&amp;igsh=ZDNlZDc0MzIxNw==\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2734538\">social media accounts<\/a>, people can feel like they\u2019ve stumbled into a finely crafted world created by a renowned contemporary artist.<\/p>\n<p>But unlike <a href=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/2025\/04\/chatgpt-ghibli-ai-image-hayao-miyazaki\/\" data-lasso-id=\"2734539\">ChatGPT\u2019s \u201cGhiblification\u201d craze,<\/a>\u00a0these sites and images have been <i>found<\/i>, not generated. That key difference is what makes this influx of A.I.-generated images so troubling. Animation is a painstaking medium, especially when performed at Studio Ghibli\u2019s caliber. Miyazaki\u2019s most recent (and potentially final) film, <a href=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/2023\/10\/the-boy-and-the-heron-nyff-review-hayao-miyazaki-un-retired-and-made-a-masterpiece\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2734540\"><i>The Boy and the Heron,<\/i><\/a> premiered in 2023; he began working on it in 2016. That work pays off when seen on screen, but it\u2019s cheapened when run through a computer program to fit a person\u2019s fleeting fancies.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1545644\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1545644\" style=\"width: 970px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-1545644 size-full-width\" src=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?quality=80&amp;w=970\" alt=\"\" width=\"970\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=300,162 300w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=768,415 768w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=635,343 635w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=1536,830 1536w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=970,524 970w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=320,173 320w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=50,27 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 300px, 620px\"\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-1545644 size-full-width\" src=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?quality=80&amp;w=970\" alt=\"\" width=\"970\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=300,162 300w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=768,415 768w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=635,343 635w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=1536,830 1536w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=970,524 970w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=320,173 320w, https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/HERON_img_7.jpg?resize=50,27 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 300px, 620px\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1545644\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A still from Studio Ghibli\u2019s<em> The Boy and the Heron<\/em>, which took nearly seven full years to make. <span class=\"media-credit\">\u00a9 2023 Hayao Miyazaki\/Studio Ghibli<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cThese A.I.-generated image models are a technology that, as they are being used now, explicitly exist in a way to disentangle artistic expression from human labor,\u201d said Egan, and it\u2019s a painful irony that Miyazaki made <a href=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/2025\/04\/chatgpt-ghibli-ai-image-hayao-miyazaki\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-lasso-id=\"2734541\">similar comments<\/a> years ago, expressing his concern that human beings were losing faith in their own artistic expression.<\/p>\n<p>While plenty of people have voiced opposition to OpenAI\u2019s co-opting of Studio Ghibli\u2019s style, it seems that many, many more have been happy to partake in it. And though Ghiblified pet pics or group photos might look cute now, a computer program will never really be able to replicate the heart and soul of a Studio Ghibli work.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" itemprop=\"image\" src=\"https:\/\/observer.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/GettyImages-2207049151.jpg?quality=80&amp;w=970\" alt=\"Unpacking Studio Ghibli\u2019s Unique Style That Became ChatGPT\u2019s Viral Obsession\" style=\"display:none;width:0;\"\/><\/p><\/div>\n<p><script>\n\t!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)\n\t{if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?\n\t\tn.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};\n\t\tif(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';\n\t\tn.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;\n\t\tt.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];\n\t\ts.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',\n\t\t'https:\/\/connect.facebook.net\/en_US\/fbevents.js');\n\tfbq('init', '618909876214345');\n\tfbq('track', 'PageView');\n<\/script><script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Studio Ghibli has experienced a wave of new attention thanks to last month\u2019s new ChatGPT feature. Thomas Fuller\/SOPA Images\/LightRocket via Getty Images On March 25, OpenAI announced a new ChatGPT feature that allows users to turn text prompts into images in a number of familiar cartoon styles. Options included The Simpsons, Rick and Morty and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-usa-news"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nationalgunowner.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nationalgunowner.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nationalgunowner.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nationalgunowner.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nationalgunowner.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3771"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nationalgunowner.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3771\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3773,"href":"https:\/\/nationalgunowner.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3771\/revisions\/3773"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nationalgunowner.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nationalgunowner.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nationalgunowner.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nationalgunowner.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}